Does the intensity of pain and disability affect health-related quality of life of older adults with back pain? Multilevel analysis between Brazil and Netherlands: a cross-sectional study of the BACE consortium.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of back pain (BP) in the older adults is less favorable than in younger adults and progress to adverse outcomes and consequent worsening of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The present study aimed to verify the association between BP intensity, disability and HRQoL in older adults residents in Brazil and Netherlands, and to evaluate whether the country of residence influences the associations. METHODS: Data were collected from 602 Brazilian and 675 Dutch participants with a new episode of BP from the Back Complaints in Elders (BACE) consortium. For the present study, a cross section was used. Pain intensity and disability were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), respectively. HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire. Age, sex, and education were descriptive variables. Pain intensity (NPS score) and country were the independent variables and quality of life assessed by each SF domain - 36 was the dependent variable. Analysis of models at the individual level was performed to verify the association between pain and disability, also HRQoL in Netherlands and Brazil in the total sample. The multilevel model was used to verify whether the older adults person's country of residence influenced this relationship. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 67.00 (7.33) years. In the total sample, linear regression analysis adjusted for sex and age showed a significant association between BP intensity scores and HRQoL, for all domains. There was no association between disability and HRQoL. In the multilevel analysis, there was an association between BP intensity and HRQoL in all domains and an association between the country of residence and HRQoL, influencing the effect of pain, in all domains, except for the physical functioning. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic and cultural aspects of different countries can affect the perception of the elderly about their HRQoL in the presence of BP. Pain and disability in Brazilian and Dutch older adults ones are experienced differently in relation to their HRQoL.

Nasal dilator and physiological parameters associated to running performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nasal dilators were created to expand the nasal valve area. The aim of this systematic review was to verify physiological parameters associated to running performance with the use of nasal dilators. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021225795). According to the PICOS framework studies were included: Population: healthy subjects; Intervention: nasal dilators; Comparison: control group, placebo, minimal intervention, health education or other intervention; Outcomes: cardiorespiratory parameters and subjective perceptions; Study: randomized controlled trials, repeated measures or within-subjects design. The databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PEDro and Scopus. The descriptors "Running", "Nasal Dilator", "Randomized Controlled Trial", and synonyms were used. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale. Random effects Der Simonian and Laird model were used. The assessment of the certainty of the evidence was carried out using the GRADE approach. Eleven articles were included. There was a difference in favour of the nasal dilator when compared to placebo for maximal oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion. The certainty of the evidence was very low. Future studies will probably have an impact on estimation of the effect.

Perceived exertion, postural control, and muscle recruitment in three different quadruped exercises performed by healthy women.

Although quadruped exercises (QE) have been a part of rehabilitation and sports programs, there is no clarity on how these exercises challenge the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, this cross-sectional study investigated the perceived exertion, postural demands, and muscle recruitment profiles imposed by three QE postures. Surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals were recorded from transverse abdominis, longissimus dorsi, multifidus, and iliocostalis lumborum from 30 sedentary healthy women, bilaterally. They performed the classic quadruped exercise (CQ), a variation with shoulder flexion (FQ), and the homolateral quadruped (HQ). Borg scores (BS) and the center of pressure (CoP) from the palmar statokinesiogram were also recorded. Surface EMG signals were normalized using the myoelectric activity recorded from two other postures while performing isometric voluntary contractions (IVC). Results were analyzed using one- (CoP) and three-way (sEMG data) ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05). The Borg scale was analyzed using the Friedman test. The CQ provided lower BS and CoP than HQ (p < 0.05), followed by a higher sEMG activity (∼51% of IVC) than FQ (∼47% of IVC; p = 0.53) and HQ (∼44% of IVC; p = 0.01). In turn, HQ provided greater BS (p > 0.05) than CQ and FQ. The results suggested that the HQ was the most challenging exercise regarding CoP and BS, although CQ presented a higher symmetrical sEMG activity. Since QE are often prescribed in exercise programs, specific knowledge of the characteristics of each QE makes prescribing safer and more efficient.

Trajectories of pain and disability in older adults with acute low back pain: Longitudinal data of the BACE-Brazil cohort.

BACKGROUND: Although the literature describes a favorable course of low back pain (LBP) in adults, little information is available for older adults. LBP is prevalent and complex in older adults, and the analysis of its trajectories may contribute to the improvement of therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE: To describe pain and disability trajectories in older adults with a new episode of LBP. METHODS: Older adults (n = 542), aged >55 years with a new episode of nonspecific LBP, were followed for 12 months in a prospective cohort. Pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale) and disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire) were assessed at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to model pain and disability scores over time. Baseline biopsychosocial characteristics were compared using one-way analysis of variance or Chi-square test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The LCGA identified three and four trajectories in the pain and disability courses, respectively. Trajectories with low, intermediate, or high scores over time were defined. Worse biopsychosocial status at baseline was associated with worst prognosis over 12 months. Low educational level, physical inactivity, poor mobility, recent falls, worse fall self-efficacy, presence of depressive symptoms, more kinesiophobia, greater number of comorbidities, and the presence of other LBP-associated complaints were found in older adults with severe and persistent symptoms. CONCLUSION: The trajectories allow the identification of clusters with similar clinical prognoses in older adults with a new episode of LPB. In practice, excessive treatments and unnecessary tests can be avoided, while more accurate and targeted interventions can be implemented.

Risk factors for non-specific low back pain in older people: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To conduct a systematic review about risk factors associated with non-specific low back pain (LBP) in older people. METHODS: The study protocol was prospectively registered with Prospero (CRD42020191619). This systematic review with meta-analysis included cohort studies that investigated risk factors for LBP in older people. The following databases were searched up to 12 December 2020: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers appraised methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cohort Studies instrument. RESULTS: We identified 3939 potentially relevant publications. After removing duplicates, screening title, and abstracts, we assessed 86 publications in full text. We included the remaining 11 publications for analysis. There is strong evidence that depressive symptoms are a risk of reporting future back pain onset (I2 = 52,7%, Odds ratio 1.4, CI 1.28-1.53). CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms are a risk factor for LBP in older people. Due to the limitations of the literature, the role of some risk factors remains unclear. An additional high-quality prospective cohort is needed to better elucidate these relationships.

Behavior change interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of the effects on self-management and A1c.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the characteristics of interventions employed to promote behavior change in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their impact on disease self-management and glycated hemoglobin (A1c). METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to guide the protocol development for this systematic review. Randomized controlled clinical trials which compared behavior change interventions to controls in adults with T2DM and investigated disease self-management and glycated hemoglobin (A1c) measured by validated methods were eligible for this study. The risk of bias and quality of evidence was assessed respectively by Cochrane's tool and grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS: A total of 27 studies were included involving 4464 participants. Behavior change was mainly promoted by education sessions on diabetes care delivered face-to-face, monthly, or every other month, lasting more than 60 min, involving blood glucose monitoring, healthy eating, exercise, and medication. Four studies showed significant improvement in both disease self-management and A1c. The risk of bias was classified as high in most studies. A meta-analysis could not be performed for A1c and self-management due to the high differences in intervention parameters (delivery mode, number, duration, and frequency) and self-management assessments. CONCLUSION: Low evidence of improvement in disease self-management and A1c considering only validated assessment methods were found for behavior change interventions, mainly promoted by education sessions on diabetes care. The quality of studies and probably the differences in intervention protocols contributed to this finding. PROSPERO NUMBER: CRD42020161162.

The effect of kinesiophobia in older people with acute low back pain: longitudinal data from Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE).

This study aimed to investigate the course of low back pain (LBP) intensity over a period of 12 months in older people with and without kinesiophobia.This was an international multicenter study. LBP intensity was examined by using the Numerical Pain Scale at baseline and over five follow-up periods. The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire was used to measure patients' beliefs and fears. The study included 532 older adults (non kinesiophobic = 227; kinesiophobic = 305). The individuals had moderate pain at baseline, with a significant difference observed between the groups. Participants showed a rapid improvement in the first 6 weeks, followed by minor improvements in the succeeding months. However, a significant difference between groups remained during the follow-up period. Independently, kinesiophobia is a significant prognostic factor. These findings suggest the importance of screening for psychosocial factors in the management of older patients with LBP. Practice implications: patients need to be warned that pain can be perpetuated by inappropriate avoidance behaviors that may later lead to disability.

Knee extension strength and handgrip strength are important predictors of Timed Up and Go test performance among community-dwelling elderly women: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Handgrip and knee extension strengths have each been used to characterize disability. However, it has been reported that the association between handgrip and knee extension strengths is weak. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of knee extensor and handgrip muscle strength on Timed Up and Go (TUG) test results among elderly women with worse (≥ 10 seconds) and better (< 10 seconds) performance, after controlling for confounders. DATA AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on a sample selected according to convenience, carried out in a federal public institution of higher education. METHODS: Assessment of handgrip was carried out using the Jamar dynamometer (Lafayette Instrument Company, Inc., Lafayette, United States). Knee extensor muscle performance was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3 Pro; Biodex Medical Systems, Inc., United States), The confounding factors were education, age, comorbidities, body mass index and Geriatric Depression Scale and Human Activity Profile scores. Functional performance was assessed through the TUG test. A backward linear regression model was used. RESULTS: 127 elderly women performed the TUG test in more than 10 seconds and 93 in less than 10 seconds. However, regardless of test performance, handgrip strength and knee extension strength comprised the reduced final model. CONCLUSIONS: Knee extension strength and handgrip strength might be particularly useful indicators for measuring disability.

Knee extension strength and handgrip strength are important predictors of Timed Up and Go test performance among community-dwelling elderly women: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Handgrip and knee extension strengths have each been used to characterize disability. However, it has been reported that the association between handgrip and knee extension strengths is weak. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of knee extensor and handgrip muscle strength on Timed Up and Go (TUG) test results among elderly women with worse (≥ 10 seconds) and better (< 10 seconds) performance, after controlling for confounders. DATA AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on a sample selected according to convenience, carried out in a federal public institution of higher education. METHODS: Assessment of handgrip was carried out using the Jamar dynamometer (Lafayette Instrument Company, Inc., Lafayette, United States). Knee extensor muscle performance was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3 Pro; Biodex Medical Systems, Inc., United States), The confounding factors were education, age, comorbidities, body mass index and Geriatric Depression Scale and Human Activity Profile scores. Functional performance was assessed through the TUG test. A backward linear regression model was used. RESULTS: 127 elderly women performed the TUG test in more than 10 seconds and 93 in less than 10 seconds. However, regardless of test performance, handgrip strength and knee extension strength comprised the reduced final model. CONCLUSIONS: Knee extension strength and handgrip strength might be particularly useful indicators for measuring disability.

Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation on function, muscle mass, strength, social participation, and falls-efficacy in older people: A randomized trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: Resistance training has a positive impact on functional capacity and muscle mass in the elderly. However, due to physical limitations or a simple aversion against regular exercise, a majority of the elderly do not reach the recommended exercise doses. This led us to evaluate the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a novel, time-efficient, and smooth training technology on physical function, fat-free mass, strength, falls-efficacy, and social participation of the elderly. METHODS: The present study is a randomized, parallel group clinical trial approved by the Ethics Committee of our Institution. Sixty-six volunteers (age ≥ 60 years) will be recruited from the geriatric outpatient department in a tertiary hospital and primary care units and randomized into two groups: WB-EMS group or active control group (aCG). The WB-EMS or aCG protocol will consist of 16 sessions for 8 consecutive weeks, twice per week. The primary outcomes will be maximal isometric knee extension (IKE), functional lower extremity strength, fat-free mass, gait speed, and risk of falls measured before and after intervention. The secondary outcomes will be social participation and falls-efficacy assessed before and after the intervention and at three and six months of follow-up. Participant's satisfaction with and awareness of electrical stimulation therapy will also be assessed immediately after the 8-week intervention. DISCUSSION: Patients receiving WB-EMS exercises are believed to have better outcomes than those receiving conventional, more time-consuming resistance exercises. Hence, innovative, time-efficient, joint-friendly, and highly individualized exercise technologies (such as WB-EMS) may be a good choice for the elderly with time constraints, physical limitations, or little enthusiasm, who are exercising less than the recommended amounts for impact on muscle mass, strength, and function.

The effect of kinesiophobia in older people with acute low back pain: longitudinal data from Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE) / O efeito da cinesiofobia em idosos com dor lombar aguda: dados longitudinais do estudo Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE) / El efecto de la quinesofobia en personas mayores con dolor lumbar agudo: datos longitudinales de Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE)

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the course of low back pain (LBP) intensity over a period of 12 months in older people with and without kinesiophobia.This was an international multicenter study. LBP intensity was examined by using the Numerical Pain Scale at baseline and over five follow-up periods. The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire was used to measure patients' beliefs and fears. The study included 532 older adults (non kinesiophobic = 227; kinesiophobic = 305). The individuals had moderate pain at baseline, with a significant difference observed between the groups. Participants showed a rapid improvement in the first 6 weeks, followed by minor improvements in the succeeding months. However, a significant difference between groups remained during the follow-up period. Independently, kinesiophobia is a significant prognostic factor. These findings suggest the importance of screening for psychosocial factors in the management of older patients with LBP. Practice implications: patients need to be warned that pain can be perpetuated by inappropriate avoidance behaviors that may later lead to disability.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a evolução da intensidade da dor lombar (DL) ao longo de 12 meses em idosos com e sem cinesiofobia. Este foi um estudo multicêntrico internacional. A intensidade da DL foi avaliada com a Numerical Pain Scale na linha de base e ao longo de 5 períodos de seguimento. As crenças e os medos dos pacientes foram medidos com o Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. O estudo incluiu 532 idosos (sem cinesiofobia = 227; com cinesiofobia = 305). Os idosos apresentavam dor moderada na linha de base, com uma diferença significativa entre os grupos. Os participantes mostraram melhora rápida nas primeiras seis semanas, seguida por melhoras menores nos meses seguintes. Entretanto, persistiu uma diferença significativa entre os grupos durante o período de seguimento. A cinesiofobia é um fator prognóstico importante e independente. Os achados sugerem a importância da triagem de fatores psicossociais no manejo de pacientes idosos com DL. Implicações práticas: os pacientes devem ser advertidos que a dor pode ser perpetuada por comportamentos inadequados de evitação, podendo à incapacidade no longo prazo.

Resumen: El objetivo fue investigar el curso de la intensidad del dolor lumbar (LBP), durante un período de 12 meses, en personas ancianas con y sin quinesofobia. Se trata de un estudio multicéntrico internacional. La intensidad del LBP se evaluó usando la Escala Numérica de Dolor en una base de referencia y sobre 5 períodos de seguimiento. Con el fin de medir las creencias y temores de los pacientes, usamos el Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. El estudio incluyó a 532 ancianos (no quinesofóbicos = 227; quinesofóbicos = 305). Los ancianos sufrieron un dolor moderado en la base de referencia, con una significativa diferencia observada entre grupos. Los participantes mostraron una rápida mejora durante las 6 primeras semanas, seguidas por mejoras menores en los meses siguientes. No obstante, se mantuvo una diferencia significativa entre grupos durante el período de seguimiento. Independientemente, la quinesofobia es un factor pronóstico importante. Estos resultados sugieren la importancia de monitorear factores psicosociales en la gestión de pacientes ancianos con LBP. Implicaciones clínicas: los pacientes necesitan ser avisados de que el dolor puede perpetuarse por comportamientos inapropiados de prevención que quizás más tarde conduzcan a la discapacidad.

Inflammatory mediators and the risk of falls among older women with acute low back pain: data from Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE)-Brazil.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1-ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and the soluble TNF receptor 1 [sTNF-R1]), disability, and risk of falls in older women with acute low back pain (LBP). METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprised a subsample of older women from the Back Complaints in the Elders international cohort study. Plasma levels of IL-1-ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and sTNF-R1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Pain was assessed using the Numerical Pain Scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire, while disability was measured using the Roland Morris Questionnaire and gait speed. Risk of falls was estimated using the Physiological Profile Assessment. Linear regression model was used to verify the association between independent variables and fall risk. RESULTS: One hundred and ten women (aged 69.97 ± 5.5 years) with acute LBP were included. The regression model showed an association between the risk of falls and IL-6 levels, pain, gait speed, and years of education. It also explained 21.2% of risk of falls variance. The model equation was: fall risk = 1.28 + (0.19 IL-6) + (0.02 quality of pain) + (- 0.71 gait speed) + (-0 .17 educational level). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed an association between risk of falls and IL-6, pain, gait speed, and educational level in older women with LBP. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Prevalence of falls and associated factors in community-dwelling older Brazilians: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Falls determine huge epidemiological, clinical, and economic burden in the older population worldwide, presenting high odds of severe disability. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of falls and associated factors in older Brazilians using a systematic review with meta-analysis. Searches were performed in SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO databases with no date or language restrictions. Studies on community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years from both sexes and with a sample size of ≥ 300 participants included. Exclusion criteria were studies conducted specifically for older adults diagnosed with chronic disabling diseases that predispose them to falls. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using a critical appraisal tool focusing on prevalence designs. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the prevalence of falls across studies. Exploratory analysis was conducted examining subgroup estimates, prevalence ratios and meta-regression. Thirty-seven studies involving 58,597 participants were included. Twelve-month prevalence of falls was 27% (95%CI: 24.3-30.0), with significantly higher estimates in female than male (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.32-1.86), in age group ≥ 80 years than age group 60-69 years (PR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15-1.84), and in participants from the Central region than participants from the South region (PR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.10-1.69) of Brazil. Risk of bias scores did not impact heterogeneity in the 12-month meta-analysis. These estimates strongly support evidence-based public interventions to prevent falls in older Brazilians, especially in women and the oldest-old population.

Biopsychosocial factors associated with disability in older adults with acute low back pain: BACE-Brasil study. / Fatores biopsicossociais associados com a incapacidade em idosos com dor lombar aguda: estudo BACE-Brasil.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the association of biopsychosocial factors with disability in older adults with a new episode of acute low back pain. Older patients with a new episode of acute low back pain were included and those with cognitive alterations and severe motor impairment were excluded. Disability was assessed using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. The biopsychosocial factors (clinical, functional, health status, psychological and social variables) were evaluated by a structured multidimensional questionnaire and physical examination. A multivariate linear regression was used to analyze data with a statistical significance of 0.05. A total of 386 older individuals with a mean age of 71.6 (± 4.2) years and disability of 13.7 (± 5.7) points were enrolled. Our regression analyses identified that worse physical and mental health (assessed through SF-36), low falls self-efficacy, trouble sleeping due to pain, worse kinesiophobia levels, higher body mass indexes, lumbar morning stiffness, increased pain intensity, female gender and worse functional mobility were significantly associated with baseline disability (p < 0.05). Low back pain-related disability is significantly associated with worse biopsychosocial health conditions in older adults.

Este estudo transversal avaliou a associação de fatores biopsicossociais com a incapacidade em idosos com um novo episódio de dor lombar aguda. Foram incluídos idosos com um novo episódio de dor lombar aguda e excluídos aqueles com alterações cognitivas e deficiências motoras graves. A incapacidade foi avaliada pelo Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Os fatores biopsicossociais (variáveis clínicas, funcionais, estado de saúde, psicológicas e sociais) foram avaliados por um questionário estruturado multidimensional e exame físico. Regressão linear multivariada foi utilizada para análise dos dados com significância estatística de 0,05. Participaram 386 idosos com média de idade de 71,6 (±4,2) anos e incapacidade de 13,7 (±5,7) pontos. A análise de regressão linear multivariada identificou que pior saúde física e mental (avaliados através do SF-36), baixa autoeficácia em quedas, dificuldade para dormir por causa da dor, piores níveis de cinesiofobia, maiores índices de massa corporal, presença de rigidez matinal na coluna lombar, maior intensidade de dor, sexo feminino e pior mobilidade funcional foram significativamente associados com incapacidade (p < 0,05). Incapacidade relacionada à dor lombar está significativamente associada com piores condições biopsicossociais de saúde em idosos.

Fatores biopsicossociais associados com a incapacidade em idosos com dor lombar aguda: estudo BACE-Brasil / Biopsychosocial factors associated with disability in older adults with acute low back pain: BACE-Brasil study

Resumo Este estudo transversal avaliou a associação de fatores biopsicossociais com a incapacidade em idosos com um novo episódio de dor lombar aguda. Foram incluídos idosos com um novo episódio de dor lombar aguda e excluídos aqueles com alterações cognitivas e deficiências motoras graves. A incapacidade foi avaliada pelo Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Os fatores biopsicossociais (variáveis clínicas, funcionais, estado de saúde, psicológicas e sociais) foram avaliados por um questionário estruturado multidimensional e exame físico. Regressão linear multivariada foi utilizada para análise dos dados com significância estatística de 0,05. Participaram 386 idosos com média de idade de 71,6 (±4,2) anos e incapacidade de 13,7 (±5,7) pontos. A análise de regressão linear multivariada identificou que pior saúde física e mental (avaliados através do SF-36), baixa autoeficácia em quedas, dificuldade para dormir por causa da dor, piores níveis de cinesiofobia, maiores índices de massa corporal, presença de rigidez matinal na coluna lombar, maior intensidade de dor, sexo feminino e pior mobilidade funcional foram significativamente associados com incapacidade (p < 0,05). Incapacidade relacionada à dor lombar está significativamente associada com piores condições biopsicossociais de saúde em idosos.

Abstract This cross-sectional study evaluated the association of biopsychosocial factors with disability in older adults with a new episode of acute low back pain. Older patients with a new episode of acute low back pain were included and those with cognitive alterations and severe motor impairment were excluded. Disability was assessed using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. The biopsychosocial factors (clinical, functional, health status, psychological and social variables) were evaluated by a structured multidimensional questionnaire and physical examination. A multivariate linear regression was used to analyze data with a statistical significance of 0.05. A total of 386 older individuals with a mean age of 71.6 (± 4.2) years and disability of 13.7 (± 5.7) points were enrolled. Our regression analyses identified that worse physical and mental health (assessed through SF-36), low falls self-efficacy, trouble sleeping due to pain, worse kinesiophobia levels, higher body mass indexes, lumbar morning stiffness, increased pain intensity, female gender and worse functional mobility were significantly associated with baseline disability (p < 0.05). Low back pain-related disability is significantly associated with worse biopsychosocial health conditions in older adults.

Prevalence of injuries in brazilian recreational street runners: meta-analysis / Prevalência de lesões em corredores de rua amadores brasileiros: metanálise / Prevalencia de lesiones en corredores de calle aficionados brasileños: meta-análisis

ABSTRACT Street running is an accessible, low-cost form of exercise. However, the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries may hinder regular practice. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of injuries in Brazilian street runners and the associated factors. A meta-analysis of Brazilian studies was performed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of injuries in male and female recreational street runners aged ≥18 years. We excluded systematic review studies, research conducted on professional athletes or triathletes, and duplicate articles. The following databases were used: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as "prevalence," "injury," "recreational street runners," and "Brazil" were used. Prevalence analysis was performed using the random effect model, and a funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. Then the Begg-Mazumdar and Egger tests were applied to quantify the graph results. The Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Associated factors were analyzed with meta-regression analysis. Twenty-three studies with 3,786 runners were included in the review. The prevalence of injury was 36.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.8-42.5%), and a running distance per week greater than 20 km was a predictive variable of injuries. A higher prevalence of injuries was observed in men than in women (28.3%, 95% CI 22.5-35.0%), the knee was the most affected site of injury (32.9%, 95% CI 26.7-39.6%), and muscle injuries were the most frequent type of injury (27.9%, 95% CI 18.2-40.1%). This is the first national meta-analysis conducted to investigate the prevalence of injuries in recreational street runners. Although the prevalence of injuries was moderate, caution is required in terms of the weekly duration of running. Male runners are more susceptible, and muscle and knee injuries are the most common. Level of evidence II, Systematic reviewb of Level II Studies.

RESUMO A corrida de rua é uma forma de exercício acessível e de baixo custo. No entanto, a ocorrência de lesões musculoesqueléticas pode dificultar a prática regular. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de lesões em corredores de rua brasileiros e os fatores associados. Foi realizada uma metanálise de estudos brasileiros para investigara prevalência e os fatores de risco de lesão em corredores de rua amadores, de ambos os sexos, com idade ≥ 18 anos. Foram excluídos estudos de revisão sistemática, pesquisas com atletas profissionais ou triatletas e os artigos duplicados. As buscas eletrônicas foram feitas nos seguintes bancos de dados: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science e Google Acadêmico. Foram usados descritores como "prevalência", "lesão", "corredores de rua amadores" e "Brasil". A análise de prevalência foi realizada com o modelo de efeito aleatório, e um gráfico de funil foi usado para avaliar o viés de publicação. Em seguida, os testes Begg-Mazumdar e Egger foram aplicados para quantificar os resultados do gráfico. O Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument foi usado para avaliar a qualidade metodológica dos estudos. Os fatores associados foram analisados com análise de metarregressão. Vinte e três estudos, totalizando 3.786 corredores foram incluídos na revisão. A prevalência de lesões foi de 36,5% (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95% 30,8-42,5%), e a distância percorrida por semana superior a 20 km foi uma variável preditiva de lesões. Observou-se maior prevalência de lesões em homens do que em mulheres (28,3%, IC de 95% 22,5-35,0%). O joelho foi o local mais acometido (32,9%, (IC de 95% 26,7-39,6%) e as lesões musculares foram as mais frequentes (27,9%, IC de 95% 18,2-40,1%). Esta é a primeira metanálise nacional a investigar a prevalência de lesões em corredores de rua amadores. Embora a prevalência de lesões tenha sido moderada, é preciso ter cautela em termos da duração semanal da corrida. Os corredores do sexo masculino são mais suscetíveis, e as lesões musculares e do joelho são as mais comuns. Nível de evidência II, Revisão sistemáticab de Estudos de Nível II.

RESUMEN La carrera de calle es una modalidad de accesible y de bajo costo. Sin embargo, la aparición de lesiones musculo esqueléticas puede dificultar la práctica regular. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de lesiones en corredores de calle brasileños y los factores asociados. Se realizó un meta-análisis de estudios brasileños que investigaron la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de lesión en corredores de calle aficionados, de ambos sexos, con edad ≥ 18 años. Se excluyeron estudios de revisión sistemática, investigaciones con atletas profesionales o triatletas y los artículos duplicados. Las búsquedas electrónicas se realizaron en las siguientes bases de datos: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science y Google Académico. Se utilizaron descriptores como "prevalencia", "lesión", "corredores de calle aficionados" y "Brasil". El análisis de prevalencia se realizó con el modelo de efecto aleatorio, y un gráfico de embudo se utilizó para evaluar el sesgo de publicación. A continuación, se aplicaron las pruebas Begg-Mazumdar y Egger para cuantificar los resultados del gráfico. El Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument se utilizó para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Los factores asociados fueron analizados con análisis de meta-regresión. Se incluyeron 23 estudios en la revisión, totalizando 3.786 corredores, con prevalencia de lesiones del 36,5% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95% 30,8-42,5%), y la distancia recorrida por semana superior a 20 Km fue una variable predictiva de lesiones. Se observó mayor prevalencia de lesiones en hombres que en mujeres (28,3%, IC del 95% 22,5-35,0%). La rodilla fue el local más afectado (32,9%, IC del 95% 26,7-39,6%) y las lesiones musculares fueron las más frecuentes (27,9%, IC del 95% 18,2-40,1%). Este es el primer meta-análisis nacional en investigar la prevalencia de lesiones en corredores aficionados. Aunque la prevalencia de lesiones ha sido moderada, se requiere precaución en cuanto a la duración semanal de la carrera. Los corredores del sexo masculino son más susceptibles, y las lesiones musculares y de la rodilla son las más comunes. Nivel de evidencia II, Revisión sistemáticab de Estudios de Nivel II.

Prevalence of falls and associated factors in community-dwelling older Brazilians: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Prevalência de quedas e fatores associados em uma amostra comunitária de idosos brasileiros: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise / Prevalencia de caídas y factores asociados en ancianos brasileños residentes en una comunidad: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Falls determine huge epidemiological, clinical, and economic burden in the older population worldwide, presenting high odds of severe disability. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of falls and associated factors in older Brazilians using a systematic review with meta-analysis. Searches were performed in SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO databases with no date or language restrictions. Studies on community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years from both sexes and with a sample size of ≥ 300 participants included. Exclusion criteria were studies conducted specifically for older adults diagnosed with chronic disabling diseases that predispose them to falls. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using a critical appraisal tool focusing on prevalence designs. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the prevalence of falls across studies. Exploratory analysis was conducted examining subgroup estimates, prevalence ratios and meta-regression. Thirty-seven studies involving 58,597 participants were included. Twelve-month prevalence of falls was 27% (95%CI: 24.3-30.0), with significantly higher estimates in female than male (PR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.32-1.86), in age group ≥ 80 years than age group 60-69 years (PR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15-1.84), and in participants from the Central region than participants from the South region (PR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.10-1.69) of Brazil. Risk of bias scores did not impact heterogeneity in the 12-month meta-analysis. These estimates strongly support evidence-based public interventions to prevent falls in older Brazilians, especially in women and the oldest-old population.

As quedas em idosos resultam em uma enorme carga epidemiológica, clínica e econômica nesta faixa etária no mundo inteiro, com alto risco de incapacitação grave. O estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de quedas e fatores associados entre idosos brasileiros, através de uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus e PsycINFO, sem restrição de idioma ou ano de publicação. Foram incluídos estudos sobre idosos de ambos os sexos com 60 anos ou mais, residindo na comunidade, com amostras de ≥ 300 participantes em cada estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram estudos realizados especificamente em idosos diagnosticados com doenças crônicas incapacitantes que predispõem a quedas. O risco de viés dos estudos incluídos foi avaliado com uma ferramenta de avaliação crítica focada em desenhos de prevalência. Foi utilizada uma meta-análise de efeitos aleatórios para combinar as prevalências de quedas entre estudos. A análise exploratória foi realizada pela investigação das estimativas de subgrupos, razões de prevalência e meta-regressão. Foram incluídos 37 estudos, com um total de 58.597 participantes. A prevalência de quedas nos últimos 12 meses foi de 27% (IC95%: 24,3-30,0), com estimativas significativamente mais altas em mulheres (RP = 1,57; IC95%: 1,32-1,86), na faixa etária ≥ 80 anos comparado com 60-69 anos (RP = 1,46; IC95%: 1,15-1,84) e em idosos da Região Centro-oeste, comparado com os da Região Sul (RP = 1,36; IC95%: 1,10-1,69). O tamanho do risco de viés não impactou a heterogeneidade na meta-análise de 12 meses. Essas estimativas apoiam fortemente as intervenções públicas baseadas em evidências para prevenir quedas em idosos, especialmente nas mulheres e nos idosos mais velhos.

En todo el mundo, las caídas representan una carga grande epidemiológica, clínica, y económicamente en la población mayor, presentando altas tasas de discapacidad severa. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de las caídas y los factores asociados en ancianos brasileños, usando una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis. Las búsquedas se realizaron en bases de datos como: SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus y PsycINFO sin restricciones de fecha o lengua. Se incluyeron estudios sobre ancianos residentes en comunidades con una edad ≥ 60 años de ambos sexos y con un tamaño de la muestra de ≥ 300 participantes. Los criterios de exclusión fueron estudios dirigidos específicamente a adultos mayores, diagnosticados con enfermedades crónicas incapacitantes que les predisponen a caídas. El riesgo de sesgo en los estudios incluidos fue evaluado usando una herramienta de evaluación crítica, centrándose en los diseños de prevalencia. Se utilizó un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios para agrupar la prevalencia de caídas a través de estos estudios. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio, examinando estimaciones de subgrupos, tasas de prevalencia y meta-regresión. Se incluyeron treinta y siete estudios, implicando a 58.597 participantes. En doce meses la prevalencia de caídas fue 27% (IC95%: 24,3-30,0), con estimaciones significativamente más altas en mujeres que en hombres (PR = 1,57; IC95%: 1,32-1,86), en el grupo de edad ≥ 80 años, en comparación con el grupo de edad de 60-69 años (PR = 1,46; IC95%: 1,15-1,84), y en participantes procedentes de la región centro-oeste, respecto a los participantes de la región sur (PR = 1,36; IC95%: 1,10-1,69) de Brasil. El riesgo de sesgo en los resultados no impactó la heterogeneidad en el metaanálisis de 12 meses. Estas estimaciones apoyan fuertemente las intervenciones públicas basadas en evidencias para prevenir caídas en ancianos brasileños, especialmente en mujeres y en la población más anciana.

Prevalência de lesão e fatores associados em corredores de rua da cidade de Juiz de Fora (MG) / La prevalencia de lesión y los factores asociados en corredores callejeros de la ciudad de Juiz de Fora (MG) / Injury prevalence and associated factors in runners from the city of Juiz de Fora (MG)

RESUMO No Brasil, a corrida de rua é o segundo esporte mais praticado; entretanto, pode ocasionar lesões musculoesqueléticas. Estudos sobre o tema são importantes para nortear estratégias de prevenção e intervenção. Assim, o objetivo foi investigar a prevalência de lesões e os fatores associados em corredores de rua da cidade de Juiz de Fora(MG). Trata-se de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal. A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência. Foram incluídos corredores amadores, entre 18 e 60 anos e que realizavam treinos em diferentes locais da cidade. Foram excluídos participantes com histórico de fratura e osteossíntese em membros inferiores ou que praticassem outro esporte que não fosse a musculação. Para analisar os dados, foram utilizados os testes t de Student, Mann-Whitney e X2 (α=0,05). Os participantes foram alocados em grupo lesão (GL, n=37) e grupo sem lesão (GSL, n=113). A prevalência de lesão foi de 24,7%. O GL praticava a corrida há mais tempo (76,2 ± 9,1 × 36,7 ± 39,0 meses; P<.01), teve menor aumento da frequência semanal do treinamento (49,5% × 54,2%; P=.04), realizou menos alongamento prévio (48,6% × 75,2%; P=.02), apresentou maior percentual de análise da marcha para escolha do calçado (62,1% × 43,3%; P=.04) e uso de palmilha (35,1% X 14,1%; P=<.01). A prevalência de lesões foi baixa. Os que correm há mais tempo têm maior risco de lesão mesmo sem incremento na frequência semanal. O alongamento foi protetor e a prescrição de calçado e palmilha indiscriminados não garantiram resultados satisfatórios.

RESUMEN En Brasil, la carrera callejera es el segundo deporte más practicado; mientras tanto, puede ocasionar lesiones musculo esqueléticas. Estudios sobre el tema son importantes para orientar estrategias de prevención e intervención. Así, el objetivo ha sido investigar la prevalencia de lesiones y los factores asociados en corredores callejeros de la ciudad de Juiz de Fora (MG). Se trata de un estudio observacional del tipo transversal. La muestra ha sido seleccionada por conveniencia. Han sido incluidos los corredores amadores, entre 18 y 60 años y que realizaban entrenos en distintos locales de la ciudad. Han sido excluidos los participantes con historial de fractura y osteosíntesis en miembros inferiores o que practicaran otro deporte que no fuera la musculación. Para analizar los datos, han sido utilizadas las pruebas t de Student, Mann-Whitney y X2 (α=0,05). Los participantes han sido asignados en grupo lesión (GL, n=37) y grupo sin lesión (GSL, n=113). La prevalencia de lesión ha sido del 24,7%. El GL practicaba la carrera hacía más tiempo (76,2 ± 9,1 × 36,7 ± 39,0 meses; P<.01), ha tenido menor incremento de la frecuencia semanal del entrenamiento (el 49,5% × el 54,2%; P=.04), ha realizado menos tiramiento previo (el 48,6% × el 75,2%; P=.02), ha presentado mayor porcentual de análisis de la marcha para escoja del calzado (el 62,1% × el 43,3%; P=.04) y uso de plantilla (el 35,1% × el 14,1%; P=<.01). La prevalencia de lesiones ha sido baja. Los que corren hace más tiempo tienen mayor riesgo de contusión aunque sin incremento en la frecuencia semanal. El tiramiento ha sido protector y la prescripción de calzado y plantilla indiscriminados no ha garantizado resultados satisfactorios.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, running is the second most practiced sport, and it can cause musculoskeletal injuries. Studies on the subject are important to guide prevention and intervention strategies. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of injuries and associated factors in road runners in the city of Juiz de Fora-MG-Brazil. This is an observational cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling was adopted. This study included amateur runners of both sexes, aged between 18 and 60, training in the city of Juiz de Fora-MG. Participants with history of fracture and osteosynthesis in lower limbs or who performed sports practices other than weight training were excluded. Student's t-tests, Mann-Whitney and X² (α = 0,05) were used to analyze the data. Participants were allocated in Injury Group (IG, n=37) and Without Injury Group (WIG, n=113). Injury prevalence was 24.7%. The IG had been practicing running for a longer time (76.2±9.1 X 36.7±39.0 months, p<.01); had their weekly training frequency increased (49.5% vs. 54.2%, P=.04); stretched less before training (48.6% X 75.2%, P=.02); presented a higher percentage of gait analysis for footwear selection (62.1% X 43.3%, P=.04) and insole use (35.1% X 14.1%, P=<.01). Injury prevalence was low and those who have been running longer than others had a higher risk of injury even without an increase in weekly frequency. Stretching was protective and the prescription of indiscriminate footwear and insole did not guarantee satisfactory results.

Test-retest reliability of baropodometry in young asyntomatic individuals during semi static and dynamic analysis / Confiabilidade teste-reteste da baropodometria em indivíduos jovens assintomáticos durante análise semi estática e dinâmica

Abstract Introduction: Postural control is a multidimensional construct modulated by the integration of sensory information and muscular activity. One of the challenges in clinical practice and scientific research is the postural data collection of objective control data. Thus, baropodometry can be a promising instrument for analysis. Objective: To evaluate the absolute and relative reliability of baropodometry by means of test-retest in young asymptomatic subjects during semi-static and dynamic analysis. Methods: This is a methodological study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFJF (1,803,411). Sample selection was performed by convenience. Healthy individuals aged 18 to 35 years were included in the study without gender restriction. Participants with pain or any clinical signs of overload which led to unfeasible collection were excluded from the analysis. The variables analyzed were contact surface, maximum and mean pressure, index bow, pressure center and pressure areas in the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot. Results: 33 individuals (total of 66 feet) participated in this study. The mean body mass of the participants was 63.0 ± 9.9kg, height of 163.4 ± 30.1cm, BMI of 23.7 ± 2.8 kg/m2. It was observed that five out of the eight variables evaluated in the semi-static analysis presented high reliability (≥ 0.70). On the other hand, the reproducibility of the measures in the dynamic analysis was low to moderate (≤ 0.69). Conclusion: Baropodometry findings should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice and in scientific research. It is suggested that complementary assessments be made for decision-making assistance.

Resumo Introdução: O controle postural é um constructo multidimensional modulado pela integração de informações sensoriais e atividade muscular. Um dos desafios na prática clínica e em pesquisas científicas é a obtenção de dados objetivos do controle postural. Baseando-se nessa premissa, a baropodometria pode ser um instrumento promissor para esta análise. Objetivo: Avaliar a confiabilidade absoluta e relativa por meio de teste-reteste da baropodometria em indivíduos jovens assintomáticos durante análise semi estática e dinâmica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em pesquisa da UFJF (parecer 1.803.411). A seleção da amostra foi por conveniência. Foram incluídos indivíduos hígidos de 18 a 35 anos sem restrição de gênero e excluídos participantes com queixa álgica ou qualquer sinal clínico de sobrecarga que inviabilizasse a coleta. As variáveis analisadas foram superfície de contato, pressão máxima e média, arco index, centro de pressão e as áreas de pressão no antepé, mediopé e retropé. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 33 indivíduos (66 pés). A média de massa corporal dos participantes foi de 63,0 ± 9,9 kg, estatura de 163,4 ± 30,1 cm, IMC de 23,7 ± 2,8 kg/m2 e número do calçado 38,0 ± 2,1. Observamos que das oito variáveis avaliadas na análise semi estática, cinco apresentaram confiabilidade alta (CCI ≥ 0.70). Por outro lado, a reprodutibilidade das medidas na análise dinâmica foi de baixa à moderada (CCI ≤ 0.69). Conclusão: Os achados da baropodometria devem ser interpretados com cautela na prática clínica e em pesquisa científica. Sugere-se que sejam realizadas avaliações complementares para o auxílio de tomada de decisões.

Handgrip strength is associated with, but poorly predicts, disability in older women with acute low back pain: A 12-month follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Older women with low back pain (LBP) constitute a special subpopulation at risk of severe and permanent disability. It is important to identify factors limiting functionality in this population in order to reduce costs and improve both prevention and intervention. Handgrip strength (HGS) is a biomarker of aging associated with several adverse health outcomes, but long-term associations with disability in older patients with LBP are not known. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether HGS predicts disability in older women with acute low back pain (LBP). METHODS: Longitudinal analyses were conducted with a sample of 135 older women from the international multicenter study Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE-Brazil). Women aged 60 years and over with a new episode of acute LBP were included. HGS was assessed with Jamar® dynamometer, and disability was assessed using the Roland Morris questionnaire and gait speed test. Variables were assessed at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. Linear regression models explored associations between HGS and disability measures. RESULTS: Significant association was found between HGS at baseline and gait speed at 12-month follow-up (r=-0.24; p=0.004). A multivariable-adjusted model showed that this association was independent of age, body mass index, and pain intensity (adjusted R2=0.13; p<0.001). A final prediction model showed an incremental difference of only 2.1% in gait speed after inclusion of HGS as an independent variable. No association was found between HGS and score on the Roland Morris questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Caution is needed regarding the use of HGS as a predictive measure of disability in older women with acute LBP. Changes in gait speed were very small and unlikely to be of clinical relevance.